Scope Manager and Variable Transformation

One of the transpiler's most critical jobs is managing variable scope and state persistence across bar iterations.

The Problem

In standard JavaScript:

let x = 10; // Re-initialized every time the function runs?

If the entire indicator function runs for every bar, let x = 10 would reset x every time. Pine Script variables need to maintain history (x[1]).

The Solution: Context Object

The transpiler moves all variables into a persistent context object ($).

User Code:

let ema9 = ta.ema(close, 9);

Transformed Code:

$.let.glb1_ema9 = $.init($.let.glb1_ema9, temp_result);

Variable Renaming

To prevent naming collisions between scopes (e.g., a variable x in the global scope vs x in a function), the ScopeManager assigns unique prefixes:

• glb1_: Global scope variables.
• fn{id}_: Function scope variables.
• if{id}_: If-block scope variables.
• for{id}_: For-loop scope variables.

This ensures that even if the user reuses variable names, they map to distinct properties on the context object.

ID Generation

The transpiler generates unique IDs for:

1. Parameters (p0, p1...): Passed to param() to cache Series objects.
2. Function Calls (_ta0, _ta1...): Passed to namespace functions to maintain internal state (like prevEma).
3. Cache Keys: For caching intermediate results.

This allows functions like ta.ema to identify which call they are handling, even if called multiple times with the same parameters.